Landform

Alpine permafrost (most permafrost is located in high latitudes (i.e. land in close proximity to the North and South poles)) may exist at high altitudes in much lower latitudes.

Arete a steep-sided, sharp-edged bedrock ridge formed by two glaciers eroding away on opposite sides of the ridge.

Kjeragbolten, a 5 m³ boulder wedged in a mountain crevasse by the edge of the Kjerag mountain[1]

Chaco and Fajada Butte [2] is located in northwestern New Mexico.

A steep-walled mountain basin which usually forms the blunt end of a valley. (French for "circus.")

In a range of hills or, especially, of mountains, a pass (also gap, notch, col, saddle, hause, bwlch (Welsh), brennig or bealach (Gaelic)) is a path that allows the crossing of a mountain chain.

Cliff is a significant vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure. Cliffs are formed as erosion landforms due to the processes of erosion and weathering that produce them. Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers.

Crevasses cracks in the glacial ice. The upper 30 meters of glacial ice is somewhat brittle, and as the glacier flows, cracks develop. Crevasses rarely extend to depths below approximately 30 meters because the ice below that too plastic and the cracks close.

Escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that results from erosion or faulting and separates two relatively level areas of differing elevations.

Foothills are geographically defined as gradual increases in hilly areas at the base of a mountain range. They are a transition zone between plains and low relief hills to the adjacent topographically high mountains.

Glacier is a perennial mass of ice which moves over land. A glacier forms in locations where the mass accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation over many years. Columbia Icefields, Alberta Canada

Glacial erratic is a piece of rock that differs from the size and type of rock native to the area in which it rests.

Glaciation is a glacial period is an interval of time within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. (Columbia Icefields, Alberta Canada)

Glacial lake is a lake with origins in a melted glacier.

Gully is a landform created by running water eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. Gullies resemble large ditches or small valleys, but are metres to tens of metres in depth and width.

Hanging Valley: a valley eroded by a small tributary glacier, such that the elevation of the valley floor is higher than the elevation of the valley floor that the hanging valley joins. The erosive power of glaciers is dictated by their size: the larger a glacier, the farther down into the landscape it can erode.

Headwall the steep back-wall of a cirque.

Horn a pyramid-shaped mountain peak created by several glaciers eroding away at different sides of the same mountain

Glacier and Mountain terms

Ice field is an area less than 50,000 km² (19,305 mile²) of ice often found in the colder climates and higher altitudes of the world where there is sufficient precipitation. It is an extensive area of interconnected valley glaciers from which the higher peaks rise as nunataks.

Lake (from Latin lacus) is a terrain feature (or physical feature), a body of liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the bottom of basin (another type of landform or terrain feature; that is, it is not global).

thumb|350px|Landslide or landslip is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore environments.

Monadnock or inselberg is an isolated rock hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain.

Nunatak (from Inuit nunataq) is an exposed, often rocky element of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within (or at the edge of) an ice field or glacier.

Physical weathering is the disintegration of earth material without undergoing a chemical change. Physical weathering results in increased surface area for chemical reactions to occur on.

Wind scoop Hollow around rock outcrop caused by wind erosion or enhanced ablation.

Tree line or timberline is the edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing. Beyond the tree line, they are unable to grow because of inappropriate environmental conditions (usually cold temperatures, insufficient air pressure, or lack of moisture).